HOOKAH PARTS

Brand Owner (click to sort) Address Description
ABSOLUTE PHILOSOPHY TOBACCO, INC. #192 3857 BIRCH STREET NEWPORT BEACH CA 92660 Hookah parts, namely, pipes for Shisha tobacco; Hookah tobacco; Tobacco; Tobacco pipes;
AEOLIS Kaloud, Inc. 8391 Beverly Boulevard, Suite 441 Los Angeles CA 90048 Hookah parts, namely, hoses; Hookahs;
AERAS Kaloud, Inc. 8391 Beverly Boulevard, Suite 441 Los Angeles CA 90048 Hookah parts, namely, charcoal holders;The English translation of AERAS in the mark is AIR.;
ALAKABER Awabdeh, Dina 990 Evergreen Circle Covina CA 91724 Hookah parts, namely, hoses, bowls, mouthpieces, bases, Hookahs, Hookah charcoal, sanitizers and humidifiers;The English translation of ALAKABER in the mark is ELITE.;
ALPACA BOWL The Runners 2852 Kempton Dr. Los Alamitos CA 90720 Hookah parts, namely, bowls;BOWL;
ALRAYAN AROMA Alandalus for flavored Tobacco and Molasses Company P.O. Box 225, Free Zone Zarqa 13134 Jordan Hookah parts, namely, hoses; Hookahs; Molasses tobacco; Tobacco;The English translation of the word ALRAYAN in the mark is TENDER, FRESH, FLEXIBLE or SUPPLE.;
ALRAYAN SUPERIOR Alandalus for flavored Tobacco and Molasses Company P.O. Box 225, Free Zone Zarqa 13134 Jordan Hookah parts, namely, hoses; Hookahs; Molasses tobacco; Tobacco;The English translation of the word ALRAYAN in the mark is TENDER, FRESH, FLEXIBLE or SUPPLE.;SUPERIOR;
ALTARIS Kaloud, Inc. 8391 Beverly Boulevard, Suite 441 Los Angeles CA 90048 Hookah parts, namely, bases;Lazy susans;
ANAHATA Kaloud, Inc. 8391 Beverly Boulevard, Suite 441 Los Angeles CA 90048 Hookah parts, namely, bowls, hoses, bases, and stems, and containers for housing charcoal separate from bowls while permitting heat transfer to tobacco placed in the bowl; Hookahs;
ANAHI TMS International 19528 Ventura Boulevard, #140 Tarzana CA 91356 Hookah parts, namely, hoses, bowls, mouthpieces, bases, and trays; Hookahs;The wording ANAHI has no meaning in a foreign language.;
AOT Kiraco 18543 Devonshire St. Unit 383 Northridge CA 91324 Hookah parts, namely, bowls; Hookahs;
APPLE BOMB Apple Bomb 9811 Owensmouth Ave Chatsworth CA 91311 Hookah parts, namely, HERBAL MOLASSES; Hookah tobacco; Molasses tobacco; Pipe tobacco; Smoking tobacco;
APPLE BOTTOMS Rahib, Mousa 10100 Aviation Blvd Los Angeles CA 90045 Hookah parts, namely, e-liquid used to refill electronic hookah cartridges;
APPLE ON TOP Mediterranean Concept, Inc. 301 Boyd Street, #A Los Angeles CA 90013 Hookah parts, namely, bowls;
ARGIS Kaloud, Inc. 8391 Beverly Boulevard, Suite 441 Los Angeles CA 90048 Hookah parts, namely, bowls and containers for housing charcoal separate from bowls while permitting heat transfer to tobacco placed in the bowl;
ARTISAN Kaloud, Inc. 8391 Beverly Boulevard, Suite 441 Los Angeles CA 90048 Hookah parts, namely, containers for housing charcoal separate from bowls while permitting heat transfer, bowls, hoses, bases, stems, tobacco;
ASTRAL Kaloud, Inc. 8391 Beverly Boulevard, Suite 441 Los Angeles CA 90048 Hookah parts, namely, bowls, hoses, bases, and stems, and containers for housing charcoal separate from bowls while permitting heat transfer to tobacco placed in the bowl; Hookahs;
ATLANTIS STARBUZZ TOBACCO, INC. 20155 Ellipse Foothill Ranch CA 92610 Hookah parts, namely, stems and plates; Hookahs; Smoking pipes; Tobacco water pipes;
AURA Kaloud, Inc. 8391 Beverly Boulevard, Suite 441 Los Angeles CA 90048 Hookah parts, namely, containers for housing charcoal separate from bowls while permitting heat transfer to tobacco placed in the bowls; structural parts for hookahs, namely, bowls, hoses, bases, and stems;
AURIS Kaloud, Inc. 8391 Beverly Boulevard, Suite 441 Los Angeles CA 90048 Hookah parts, namely, bowls and containers for housing charcoal separate from bowls while permitting heat transfer to tobacco placed in the bowl;
AYARA Kaloud, Inc. 8391 Beverly Boulevard, Suite 441 Los Angeles CA 90048 Hookah parts, namely, air filters for use with hookahs;
BADA BING Tonic, Inc. 1401 Fulton Ave Suite A Sacramento CA 95825 Hookah parts, namely, pipes, bowls, hoses, trays; Hookah tobacco; Hookahs;
BADDIE PUFFS McDowell, Alyssa Elise 1117 Calle Obsidiana, Unit 2 Chula Vista CA 91913 Hookah parts, namely, hookah tips; Tobacco grinders; Tobacco pouches; Electronic shisha pipes;
BIG BOODAH TMS INTERNATIONAL CORP 100 West Broadway Blvd, Suite 990 Glendale CA 91210 Hookah parts, namely, hoses;
BLACK AROMA Alandalus for flavored Tobacco and Molasses Company P.O. Box 225, Free Zone Zarqa 13134 Jordan Hookah parts, namely, hoses; Hookahs; Molasses tobacco; Tobacco;
BLUE MOJITO Alandalus for flavored Tobacco and Molasses Company P.O. Box 225, Free Zone Zarqa 13134 Jordan Hookah parts, namely, hoses; Hookahs; Molasses tobacco; Tobacco;
BOOSEY Muhammet Yalcin Ozdemir 207-170 Fort York Blvd. Toronto, Ontario M5V0E6 Canada Hookah parts, namely, acrylic base, multi-color LED lights, remote control, hookah tips, tongs, hoses, bowls; Hookahs; Electronic hookahs; Tobacco water pipes;
BUDPRO Budnichenko Oleksandr 13 Shepeleva Str., Apt. 15 Kyiv Ukraine Hookah parts, namely, hoses, bowls, bases; Hookahs; Charcoal holders for hookahs; Wind covers for hookahs; Shisha heat management system for hookahs;
CANDY RAIN Rahib, Mousa 10100 Aviation Blvd Los Angeles CA 90045 Hookah parts, namely, e-liquid used to refill electronic hookah cartridges;
CARBINE Elhalwani, Wael Salim 10871 FORBES AVENUE GARDEN GROVE CA 92843 Hookah parts, namely, Bowls, Trays, and Tongs; Hookahs;
CHALLENGER STARBUZZ TOBACCO, INC. 20155 Ellipse Foothill Ranch CA 92610 Hookah parts, namely, stems and plates; Hookahs; Smoking pipes; Tobacco water pipes;
CITRON ASHLYNN MARKETING GROUP, INC. 10870 Hartley Rd Suite B Santee CA 92071 Hookah parts, namely, Hoses, Bowls, Trays and Tongs; Hookahs; Smokers' articles, namely, hookah charcoal;
COCO RICO COCO RICO CHARCOAL 534 WABASH AVENUE PATERSON NJ 07503 Hookah parts, namely, hoses, bowls, mouthpieces, bases, hookah heads, glasses, trays, pipes, filters; Hookahs; Smokers' articles, namely, hookah charcoal;The English translation of COCO RICO in the mark is tasty coconut.;COCO;
COCO TIP HAIDAR, RAED 1836 Baldwin Dr McLean VA 22101 Hookah parts, namely, mouthpieces;TIP;
CURATE YOUR CLOUDS Kaloud, Inc. 8391 Beverly Boulevard, Suite 441 Los Angeles CA 90048 Hookah parts, namely, containers for housing charcoal separate from bowls while permitting heat transfer to tobacco placed in the bowls; hookah tobacco; hookahs; smokers articles, namely, containers for housing hookah charcoal separate from hookah bowls while permitting heat transfer to tobacco placed in the bowls; Hookah parts, namely, hoses; hookah parts, namely, air filters for use with hookahs; hookah parts, namely, bowls, hoses, bases, and stems, and containers for housing charcoal separate from bowls while permitting heat transfer to tobacco placed in the bowl; smokers' articles, namely, flavorings, other than essential oils, for hookah base water; Hookah parts, namely, tongs for use in handling hookah charcoal; structural parts for hookahs, namely, LED light machines incorporated into hookahs;
CYRIS Kaloud, Inc. 8391 Beverly Boulevard, Suite 441 Los Angeles CA 90048 Hookah parts, namely, bowls and containers for housing charcoal separate from bowls while permitting heat transfer to tobacco placed in the bowl;
D HOSE Shisha Land Wholesale Inc. 716 N. Valley St. #P Anaheim CA 92801 Hookah parts, namely, hoses; Hookahs;
DESIGNED WITH LOVE [IN THE HEART OF A BABY UNICORN] Kaloud, Inc. 8391 Beverly Boulevard, Suite 441 Los Angeles CA 90048 Hookah parts, namely, containers for housing charcoal separate from bowls while permitting heat transfer;
DHOSE Shisha Land Wholesale, Inc. 716 N. Valley St. Anaheim CA 92801 Hookah parts, namely, hoses, mouthpieces; Hookahs;
DISCOVERY STARBUZZ TOBACCO, INC. 20155 Ellipse Foothill Ranch CA 92610 Hookah parts, namely, stems and plates; Hookahs; Smoking pipes; Tobacco water pipes;
DREAM Shisha Land Wholesale Inc. 716 N. Valley St. #P Anaheim CA 92801 Hookah parts, namely, hoses, bowls, mouthpieces and bases; Hookahs;
E-HEAD ELECTRONIC HOOKAH HEAD PHD MARKETING, INC. 1373 Ridgeway Street Pomona CA 91768 Hookah parts, namely, an electronic personal vaporizing bowl piece that fits and operates on top of a hookah instead of the tobacco and charcoal filled funnel;
EGYPTIAN NIGHTS Alandalus for flavored Tobacco and Molasses Company P.O. Box 225, Free Zone Zarqa 13134 Jordan Hookah parts, namely, hoses; Hookahs; Molasses tobacco; Tobacco;EGYPTIAN;
ELTHERIA Kaloud, Inc. 8391 Beverly Boulevard, Suite 441 Los Angeles CA 90048 Hookah parts, namely, bowls, hoses, bases, stems and containers for housing charcoal separate from bowls while permitting heat transfer to tobacco placed in the bowls; Hookahs;
ENDEAVOUR STARBUZZ TOBACCO, INC. 20155 Ellipse Foothill Ranch CA 92610 Hookah parts, namely, stems and plates; Hookahs; Smoking pipes; Tobacco water pipes;
ENTERPRISE STARBUZZ TOBACCO, INC. 20155 Ellipse Foothill Ranch CA 92610 Hookah parts, namely, stems and plates; Hookahs; Smoking pipes; Tobacco water pipes;
ENVY PHILOSOPHY TOBACCO, INC. #192 3857 BIRCH STREET NEWPORT BEACH CA 92660 Hookah parts, namely, pipes for Shisha tobacco; Hookah tobacco; Tobacco; Tobacco pipes;
ERGO-TIP TAQSEEM, INC. 5710 Auburn Blvd., Suite 8 Sacramento CA 95841 Hookah parts, namely, mouthpieces;
EVOLUTION Gabriel Khanlian 19360 Rinaldi St Ste 270 Porter Ranch CA 91326 Hookah parts, namely, Tips, Tongs, Heads, Charcoal; Hookahs; Smokers' articles, namely, hookah charcoal;
FRENCH KISS Tonic, Inc. 1401 Fulton Ave Suite A Sacramento CA 95825 Hookah parts, namely, pipes, bowls, hoses, trays; Hookah tobacco; Hookahs;
FRENCH TIP HOSE Nadeem, Muhammad Blk 680 Hougang Avenue 8 #03-647 Singapore 530680 Singapore Hookah parts, namely, hoses, mouthpieces;TIP HOSE;
GILANI Aloyan, Arutyun 1625 W Glenoaks Blvd Glendale CA 91201 Hookah parts, namely, hookah hoses; Hookahs; Smokers' articles, namely, hookah charcoal;
GLITZ TIPZ VALIGRAPHICS 965 NE 143 STREET NORTH MIAMI FL 33161 Hookah parts, namely, mouthpieces; Hookah parts, namely, tips; Smoking pipes;TIPS;
GLOBE ON TOP HASC Inc. 711 E. Acacia Ave. Unit B Glendale CA 91205 Hookah parts, namely, hookah bowl;GLOBE;
GOT NAIL SMOKE TOKES 330 E. 3rd St 330 E. 3rd St Los Angeles CA 90013 Hookah parts, namely, nails;NAIL;
GRAVYL Romolino 1901 W. Chicago Ave. Chicago IL 60622 Hookah parts, namely, bowls; Hookahs;
GREEN AROMA Alandalus for flavored Tobacco and Molasses Company P.O. Box 225, Free Zone Zarqa 13134 Jordan Hookah parts, namely, hoses; Hookahs; Molasses tobacco; Tobacco;
HAWAIIAN BUNCH Alandalus for flavored Tobacco and Molasses Company P.O. Box 225, Free Zone Zarqa 13134 Jordan Hookah parts, namely, hoses; Hookahs; Molasses tobacco; Tobacco;
HAYAT Kaloud, Inc. 8391 Beverly Boulevard, Suite 441 Los Angeles CA 90048 Hookah parts, namely, bowls, hoses, bases, and stems, and containers for housing charcoal separate from bowls while permitting heat transfer to tobacco placed in the bowl; Hookahs;
HOOKAH BALL Kiraco 18543 Devonshire Street #383 Northridge CA 91324 Hookah parts, namely, bowls;
HOOKAH CHIC Hookah Chic 14 Sandrick Rd Belmont MA 02478 Hookah parts, namely, hoses, bowls, mouthpieces, and bases;HOOKAH;
HOOKAH CROWN Homayounpour, Amir 9809 Avalon Dr. Frisco TX 75333 Hookah parts, namely, bowl toppers;HOOKAH;
HOOKAH HOG GSL Party Enterprises 6627 Broad Valley Ct Charlotte NC 28216 Hookah parts, namely, hookah, bowls, mouthpieces, hoses, sheesh, carrying case; Hookah tobacco; Hookahs;HOOKAH;
HOOKAH KING Ibrahim, Mahinaz K 11804 shoemaker ct charlotte NC 28270 Hookah parts, namely, ceramic bowl, silicone bowl, bowls, mouth pieces, hose, silicone hose; Hookahs; 2 hose hookah; 1 hose hookah;HOOKAH;
HOOKAH MAN RAOUF, PAYMON 8380 W Sahara Ave Las Vegas NV 89117 Hookah parts, namely, hoses, bowls, mouthpieces, and bases; Hookah tobacco; Hookahs; Electronic hookahs; Smokers' articles, namely, hookah charcoal;HOOKAH;
HOOKAH POPS Keiashia Wood 2150 S Canalport Ave 2A-2 Chicago IL 60608 Hookah parts, namely, mouthpieces;
HOOKAH STARTER PRO Haddad, Manhal 12729 Jessie Court Rancho Cucamonga CA 91739 Hookah parts, namely, a battery operated vacuum;
HOOKAHLIQS Davis, Laporsche 3521 maristone way Duluth GA 30097 Hookah parts, namely, candy covered hookah tips;
HOOKAHSUTRAS Robinson , Sarah , M 121 Cherry Street Apt 3 Waterbury CT 06702 Hookah parts, namely, Hoses, bowl, mouthpieces, portable hookahs; Hookah tobacco; Hookahs; Electronic hookahs;
ICE MAGIC Alandalus for flavored Tobacco and Molasses Company P.O. Box 225, Free Zone Zarqa 13134 Jordan Hookah parts, namely, hoses; hookahs; molasses tobacco; tobacco;
ICEBERG Alandalus for flavored Tobacco and Molasses Company P.O. Box 225, Free Zone Zarqa 13134 Jordan Hookah parts, namely, hoses; Hookahs; Molasses tobacco; Tobacco;
ILLUMINATE Kaloud, Inc. 8391 Beverly Boulevard, Suite 441 Los Angeles CA 90048 Hookah parts, namely, bowls, hoses, bases, and stems, and containers for housing charcoal separate from bowls while permitting heat transfer to tobacco placed in the bowl; Hookahs;
J. KIDO FREEZY Flouna F. Hamana 2845 Jamul Heights Drive El Cajon CA 92019 Hookah parts, namely, mouthpieces; Hookahs;
JET FUEL Rahib, Mousa 10100 Aviation Blvd Los Angeles CA 90045 Hookah parts, namely, e-liquid used to refill electronic hookah cartridges;
JOLLY MELON JOLLY MELON 9811 Owensmouth Ave Chatsworth CA 91311 hookah parts, namely, herbal molasses tobacco; hookah tobacco; molasses tobacco; pipe tobacco; smoking tobacco;MELON;
KALOUD Kaloud, Inc. 8391 Beverly Boulevard, Suite 441 Los Angeles CA 90048 Hookah parts, namely, containers for housing charcoal separate from bowls while permitting heat transfer to tobacco placed in the bowls; hookah tobacco; hookahs; smokers articles, namely, containers for housing hookah charcoal separate from hookah bowls while permitting heat transfer to tobacco placed in the bowls;The wording KALOUD has no meaning in a foreign language.;
KALOUD AURA Kaloud, Inc. 8391 Beverly Boulevard, Suite 441 Los Angeles CA 90048 Hookah parts, namely, containers for housing charcoal separate from bowls while permitting heat transfer to tobacco placed in the bowls; structural parts for hookahs, namely, bowls, hoses, bases, and stems;
KALOUD KRYSALIS Kaloud, Inc. 8391 Beverly Boulevard, Suite 441 Los Angeles CA 90048 Hookah parts, namely, containers for housing charcoal separate from bowls while permitting heat transfer to tobacco placed in the bowls; structural parts for hookahs, namely, bowls, hoses, bases, and stems;
KALOUD LOTUS Kaloud, Inc. 8391 Beverly Boulevard, Suite 441 Los Angeles CA 90048 Hookah parts, namely, containers for housing charcoal separate from bowls while permitting heat transfer to tobacco placed in the bowls; smokers articles, namely, containers for housing hookah charcoal separate from hookah bowls while permitting heat transfer to tobacco placed in the bowls;
KALOUD SAMSARIS VITRIA Kaloud, Inc. 8391 Beverly Boulevard, Suite 441 Los Angeles CA 90048 Hookah parts, namely, containers for housing charcoal separate from bowls while permitting heat transfer, bowls, hoses, bases, stems, tobacco;The word(s) KALOUD SAMSARIS VITRIA has no meaning in a foreign language.;
KAMIKAZE Tonic, Inc. 1401 Fulton Ave Suite A Sacramento CA 95825 Hookah parts, namely, pipes, bowls, trays; Hookah tobacco; Hookahs;
KAN ZAMAN Diab Ellan 7099 Huntley Rd Columbus OH 43229 Hookah parts, namely, HOSES, HOOKAH, CHARCOAL HOOKAH, ACCESSORIES,MOUTHPIECES,BOWL,ETC;The English translation of KAN ZAMA in the mark is WAS PEFOR.;
KARMA PHILOSOPHY TOBACCO, INC. #192 3857 BIRCH STREET NEWPORT BEACH CA 92660 Hookah parts, namely, pipes for Shisha tobacco; Hookah tobacco; Tobacco; Tobacco pipes;
KING OF LIGHT Ultimate Brands 310 Mason Creek Drive, Suite 120 Katy TX 77450 Hookah parts, namely, hoses, bowls, mouthpieces; smokers' articles, namely, hookah charcoal; hookahs;
KOL Ultimate Brands 310 Mason Creek Drive, Suite 120 Katy TX 77450 Hookah parts, namely, hoses, bowls, mouthpieces; hookahs;The English translation of KOL in the mark is charcoal.;
KRYSALIS Kaloud, Inc. 8391 Beverly Boulevard, Suite 441 Los Angeles CA 90048 Hookah parts, namely, containers for housing charcoal separate from bowls while permitting heat transfer to tobacco placed in the bowls; structural parts for hookahs, namely, bowls, hoses, bases, and stems;
LAPIS Kaloud, Inc. 8391 Beverly Boulevard, Suite 441 Los Angeles CA 90048 Hookah parts, namely, bowls and containers for housing charcoal separate from bowls while permitting heat transfer to tobacco placed in the bowl; Hookahs;
LASSIE STARBUZZ TOBACCO, INC. 20155 Ellipse Foothill Ranch CA 92610 Hookah parts, namely, stems and plates; Hookahs; Smoking pipes; Tobacco water pipes;
LASSY STARBUZZ TOBACCO, INC. 20155 Ellipse Foothill Ranch CA 92610 Hookah parts, namely, stems and plates; Hookahs; Smoking pipes; Tobacco water pipes;
LICKMI CANDY HOOKAH TIPS Philitas, Samantha 608 Wyngate Dr W Valley Stream NY 11580 Hookah parts, namely, mouthpieces in the nature of candy hookah tips;CANDY HOOKAH TIPS;
LOLLI-TIP AHN, John #312 1100 S Wall St Los Angeles CA 90015 Hookah parts, namely, mouthpieces coated with hard candy;
LOVE CANDY Smoke 421 9811 Owensmouth Ave Chatsworth CA 91326 hookah parts, namely, herbal molasses tobacco; hookah tobacco; molasses tobacco; pipe tobacco; smoking tobacco;
LOYAL HOSE Terrene Hookah 106 Vassar Dr SE Albuquerque NM 87106 Hookah parts, namely, hoses;HOSE;
LUCIDITY Kaloud, Inc. 8391 Beverly Boulevard, Suite 441 Los Angeles CA 90048 Hookah parts, namely, bowls, hoses, bases, stems and containers for housing charcoal separate from bowls while permitting heat transfer to tobacco placed in the bowls; Hookahs;
LUX HOOKAH COMPANY SMITH & JACOBSON ENTERPRISE INC. 3095 E Patrick Ln Suite 12 Las Vegas NV 89120 Hookah parts, namely, bowls, hoses, mouthpieces, bases, screens, filters; Hookah tobacco; Hookahs; Electronic hookahs; Smokers' articles, namely, hookah charcoal;HOOKAH COMPANY;
M.ROSENFELD Spitsyn, Michael 92 SW 3rd St, Apt 2404 Miami FL 33130 Hookah parts, namely, hoses, bowls, mouthpieces, bases; Hookahs;
MALIBU BREEZE Smoke 421 9811 Owensmouth Ave Chatsworth CA 91326 hookah parts, namely, herbal molasses tobacco; hookah tobacco; molasses tobacco; pipe tobacco; smoking tobacco;
MARVELOUS SMOKE SMKATX INC. 2300 S. Lamar Blvd #10 Austin TX 78704 Hookah parts, namely, hoses, bowls, mouthpieces, bases; hookahs; boxes for electronic cigarettes and electronic cigarette accessories; cases for electronic cigarettes and electronic cigarette accessories; electric cigarettes; electronic cigarette holders; electronic cigarette lighters; electronic cigarette liquid (e-liquid) comprised of flavorings in liquid form, other than essential oils, used to refill electronic cigarette cartridges; electronic cigarettes for use as an alternative to traditional cigarettes; electronic hookahs; electronic smoking pipes; smokeless cigar vaporizer pipes; smokers' articles, namely, hookah charcoal; smokers' oral vaporizer refill cartridges sold empty;SMOKE;
MILLENNIUM Khaled Tizani 2029 marengo ave south pasadena CA 91030 Hookah parts, namely, bowls, hoses, mouthpieces, bases, pipes, sleeves, stems, rubber components, ashtrays.; Hookah tobacco; Hookahs; Smokers' articles, namely, hookah charcoal;
MILLENNIUM Tarek Mustapha 3022 andalucia dr west covina CA 91791 Hookah parts, namely, bowls, hoses, mouthpieces, bases, pipes, sleeves, stems, rubber components, ashtrays.; Hookah tobacco; Hookahs; Smokers' articles, namely, hookah charcoal;
 

Where the owner name is not linked, that owner no longer owns the brand

   
Technical Examples
  1. A layered piezoelectric element includes a plurality of driving parts divided by grooves and non-driving parts formed at both ends of the array of the driving parts. The driving parts and the non-driving parts include the alternate layers of piezoelectric layers and internal electrodes. The common electrode of the driving parts is extended from the non-driving parts. The capacitance C (F) of each driving part, the number of the driving parts n, and the resistance R (?) between the non-driving parts satisfy R?8×10