PROVIDING SPORTS TRAINING

Brand Owner (click to sort) Address Description
1. FC KÖLN FEEL THE DIFFERENCE. 1. FC Köln GmbH & Co. KGaA Franz-Kremer-Allee 1-3 50937 Köln Germany Providing sports training; Soccer camps, Soccer instruction; Organizing of soccer games, Conducting of soccer games; Arranging of soccer games; Entertainment in the nature of soccer games; Providing sports news in the field of soccer; Organizing and conducting athletic competitions and games in the field of soccer on; Organizing and conducting youth athletic programs in the field of soccer; radio, television and social media programming in the field of soccer; publication of newspapers, periodicals, magazines, leaflets, books, annuals, journals and other printed publications (except for advertising purposes), including in electronic form and on the internet in the field of soccer; online publication of electronic books and periodicals, including publications with integrated image galleries and videos; on-line publishing services; production of films, audio, video and television programs; photographic reporting; providing and rental of sports facilities for social events, sports club services, namely, providing sports facilities specifically, club facilities within sports facilities; organization of sporting events in the field of soccer; Entertainment services, namely fan club services; Entertainment services in the nature of live visual and audio performances, namely, musical, gymnastic, dance and sports performances;The mark consists of A design of a billy goat with his front legs balancing atop a ball that is outlined in black and white. There is a white banner crossing the ball and a design of the Koln cathedral within the ball. The background of the gall is black. The wording within the ball reads 1.FC KOLN. The design is accompanied with the wording FEEL THE DIFFERENCE..;Plush toys, costumes, soccer balls, miniature soccer balls, soccer goal nets, shin guards for soccer, knee pads for soccer, soccer gloves, bags adapted for holding or carrying sportballs for soccer, gymnastic apparatus, playing cards and Christmas tree decorations;Font: black, buck: black and white, ball: som white, banner white, border black and white, background black.;Paper, stationery, adhesives for stationery or for household purposes; printed materials, namely printed calendars and printed composition books, printed photographs, spiral bound notebooks, blank journal books, printed composition books, pens, ballpoint pens, felt pens, marker pens, pencils, color pencils, charcoal pencils, pencil cases, pen cases, pen and pencil cases, pencil sharpeners, pencil erasers, ball point pen and pencil sets, drawing rulers, drawing triangles, rubber stamps, ink stamps, impression stamps, paper flags, paper pennants, posters, stickers, vehicle bumper stickers, decals and stickers for use as home décor, printed newsletters, printed periodicals, printed magazines, books, annual journals and journals all of the following in the field of sports; leaflets containing information relating to sporting events; works of art and figurines of paper, and architects' models; drawing materials, modeling materials and materials for artists; decorative paper bows for wrapping; decorative paper garlands for parties; decorative stickers for cars; decorative wrapping paper; paper decorations for cakes; party decorations made of paper; printed decorative paper; bags and articles for packaging, wrapping and storage of paper, cardboard or plastics namely paper bags, wrapping paper and cardboard boxes; money clips, holders; disposable paper products, namely, table place setting mats of cardboard, dinner mats of cardboard, coasters of cardboard, cardboard placemats used to absorb drips, placards of paper or cardboard, dinner mats of cardboard;Clothing, namely, men's, women's and children's, scarves, gloves, wool caps, trucker hats, stocking caps, baseball hats, socks, slippers, robes, sweat bands, sweatpants, hooded sweatshirts, tank tops, t-shirts, sweaters, wind resistant clothing, raingear, vests, jerseys, soccer jerseys, jackets, overalls, polo shirts, underwear, masks, bathing suits, shorts, cargo shorts, skirts, blouses, dresses, leggings, pants, shirts, pajamas, onesies, bibs; sneakers, cleats, soccer shoes, athletic footwear for soccer, sandals, flip flops;Koln has become distinctive of the goods/services as evidenced by the ownership on the Principal Register for the same mark for sufficiently similar goods/services of active U.S. Registration No(s). 5043282;The color(s) black and white is/are claimed as a feature of the mark.;Advertising services; business management; business administration; providing office functions; advertising, marketing and promotional services related to all industries for the purpose of facilitating networking and socializing opportunities for business purposes; rental of advertising space in periodicals, newspapers, magazines and other printed publications and on electronic media and on the internet; distribution and dissemination of advertising materials; arranging of sports competitions for business or advertising purposes, wholesale services in the field of merchandising sports-related clothing, sports-related footwear and sporting goods to sports clubs; management and compilation of computerised databases; public relations services; online and off line retail store services in relation to applicant's sports-related and licensed merchandise, namely men's, women's and children's clothing and footwear, cell phone covers, headphones; stationery, adhesives for stationery or for household purposes; printed materials, namely printed calendars and printed composition books, printed photographs, spiral bound notebooks, blank journal books, printed composition books, pens, ballpoint pens, felt pens, marker pens, pencils, color pencils, charcoal pencils, pencil cases, pen cases, pen and pencil cases, pencil sharpeners, pencil erasers, ball point pen and pencil sets, drawing rulers, drawing triangles, rubber stamps, ink stamps, impression stamps, paper flags, paper pennants, posters, stickers, vehicle bumper stickers, decals and stickers for use as home décor, printed newsletters, printed periodicals, printed magazines, books, annual journals and journals all of the following in the field of sports; leaflets containing information relating to sporting events; pins, bottle openers, fan mats of cardboard, fanny packs, backpacks, plastic drinking bottles; sports bags, jewelry, namely watches, bracelets, jewelry chains, tie clips, bracelets, earrings, rings, pins, keychains; alarm clocks, lunch boxes, purses, sunglasses, beer holders, decorative magnets;The English translation of Koln in the mark is Cologne.;
ABEONA DECATHLON 4, Boulevard de Mons Villeneuve d'Ascq 59650 France [ PROVIDING SPORTS TRAINING; ORGANIZING EXHIBITIONS FOR EDUCATIONAL, ENTERTAINMENT AND SPORTING PURPOSE; ARRANGING AND CONDUCTING ATHLETIC COMPETITIONS; CONDUCTING COURSES OF EDUCATION AND INSTRUCTION IN THE FIELD OF SPORTS; TRAINING AND CORRESPONDENCE COURSES IN THE USE OF MANAGEMENT, SALES, MARKETING AND SPORTS; AMUSEMENT PARKS; HEALTH CLUB SERVICES; PHYSICAL EDUCATION; DISCOTHEQUE SERVICES; PROVIDING SPORT FACILITIES FOR SPORTS TOURNAMENTS; ORGANIZING EXHIBITIONS FOR SPORTING AND CULTURAL ACTIVITIES; ORGANIZATION OF SPORTS EVENTS; PUBLICATION OF BOOKS AND PERIODICALS FOR OTHERS; LENDING LIBRARIES; ANIMAL TRAINING; PRODUCTION OF LIVE CONCERTS AND TELEVISION SHOWS; PRODUCTION OF MOTION PICTURE FILMS; RENTAL OF FILMS, VIDEO CASSETTE RECORDERS, TELEVISION SETS, VIDEO TAPES, SOUND RECORDINGS, MOVIE PROJECTORS AND SHOW SCENERY; ORGANIZATION OF EDUCATIONAL OR ENTERTAINMENT COMPETITIONS; ARRANGING AND CONDUCTION OF EDUCATIONAL COLLOQUIUMS; ARRANGING AND CONDUCTING OF EDUCATIONAL CONFERENCES; ARRANGING AND CONDUCTING OF EDUCATIONAL CONGRESSES; ORGANIZATION OF EXHIBITIONS FOR CULTURAL OR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES; CINEMA THEATRE SERVICES; MOVIE STUDIOS; PRODUCTION OF RADIO AND TELEVISION PROGRAMS ];[ LEATHER AND IMITATION OF LEATHER SOLD IN BULK; ANIMAL SKINS AND HIDES; GOODS MADE OF THESE MATERIALS, NAMELY, HANDBAGS, TRAVELING BAGS; HARNESSES; TRUNKS AND SUITCASES; UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS AND WALKING STICKS; WHIPS AND SADDLES; PURSES; SCHOOL BAGS; WALLETS; POCKET WALLETS; BRIEFCASES; KEY CASES; SCHOOL SATCHELS; ATTACHE` CASES; PURSES (NOT OF PRECIOUS METALS); BEACH TOTE BAGS; BAGS FOR CLIMBING AND HIKING; ALPENSTOCKS; SADDLE TREES; BRIDLES; HALTERS; BITS; HUNTER'S GAME BAGS; ANIMAL COLLARS; COVERS FOR HORSE-SADDLES; INFANT CARRIERS WORN ON THE BODY; PET CLOTHING; ANIMAL LEASHES; WHIPS; BITS FOR ANIMALS; MUZZLES; ] BACKPACKS [ ; ALL-PURPOSE SPORT BAGS; BICYCLE BAGS ];[ GAMES AND TOYS, NAMELY IN-LINE SKATES, KITES AND KITE REELS, SKATEBOARDS, MAGIC TRICKS, BILLIARDS AND BILLIARD BALLS, BILLIARD CUES, PINS AND BALLS FOR USE IN PLAYING SKITTLES, TOY SCOOTERS, BOB SLEIGHS FOR RECREATIONAL USE; PLAY BALLOONS; GYMNASTIC AND SPORT ARTICLES, NAMELY, IN LINE SKATES, BOXING GLOVES, BOXING BAGS, BOXING RINGS, HANG GLIDERS, ARCHERY IMPLEMENTS, NAMELY, BOWS, BOWS FOR ARCHERY, CROSSBOWS AND ARROWS, QUIVERS, STRINGS FOR TENNIS, SQUASH, BADMINTON, AND RACKETBALL RACKETS, GUTS FOR TENNIS, SQUASH, BADMINTON, AND RACKETBALL RACKETS, TENNIS RACKETS, TENNIS RACKET FRAMES, BADMINTON RACKETS, TABLE TENNIS PADDLES, SPORTS BALLS, NAMELY, BASEBALLS, TENNIS BALLS, RUGBY BALLS, SOCCER BALLS, FOOTBALLS, GOLF BALLS, FISHING TACKLES, SAILBOARDS, SURFBOARDS, BODY BOARDS, SNORKELS, BALLOONS, NETS FOR TENNIS, FOOTBALL, VOLLEY BALL, BASKET BALL, BADMINTON, HAND BALL, ICE HOCKEY, GOLF CLUBS, SKIS, SKI BINDINGS, WATER-SKIS, SKI PARTS, NAMELY, REPLACEMENT EDGES; FISHING REELS, FISHING TACKLE, NAMELY, BITE INDICATORS, FISH HOOKS, ARTIFICIAL BAIT, BARBELLS, DUMBBELLS, SPEARFISHING HARPOON GUNS, FLIPPERS FOR SWIMMING, EXERCISE TRAMPOLINES, STATIONARY EXERCISE BICYCLES, MANUALLY OPERATED EXERCISE EQUIPMENT, NAMELY, CHEST EXPANDERS, FENCING FOILS, HOCKEY STICKS, MANUALLY OPERATED EXERCISE EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN WEIGHT REDUCTION, GYMNASTICS APPARATUS, ABDOMINAL EXERCISE BOARDS, TABLES FOR TABLE TENNIS; PLAY SWIMMING POOLS; PLAYGROUND EQUIPMENT, NAMELY, SWINGS AND SLIDES; THEATRICAL MASKS; SLEIGHS FOR RECREATIONAL USE; ORNAMENTS FOR CHRISTMAS TREES EXCEPT ILLUMINATION ARTICLES AND CONFECTIONERY; BINDING STRAPS FOR ICE SKATES AND ROLLER SKATES ];[ CLOTHING FOR MEN, WOMEN AND CHILDREN, NAMELY, HOSIERY, UNDERCLOTHING, UNDERWEAR, DRESSING GOWNS, BATH ROBES, BATHING SUITS, BATHING CAPS, BATH SLIPPERS, PAJAMAS, SWEATERS, SKIRTS, DRESSES, TROUSERS, JACKETS, COATS, PULLOVERS, WAISTCOATS, PARKAS, SHIRTS, LAYETTES, TIES, SCARVES, BELTS, GLOVES; WATERPROOF CLOTHING, NAMELY, VESTS, TROUSERS, COATS MADE OF WATERPROOF MATERIAL AND RAINCOATS; ANORAKS; SKI SUITS AND SKI WEAR; WET SUITS FOR WATER-SKIING; HATS; CAPS; SOCKS; STOCKINGS; TIGHTS; FOOTWEAR; SLIPPERS; BATH SANDALS; BOOTS; BOOTS FOR SPORT, BEACH SHOES; SKI BOOTS; CLOTHES FOR SPORTS AND AEROBICS, NAMELY, JERSEYS, PANTS, SHORTS, TEE-SHIRTS, LEGGINGS, SPORT LEGGINGS, LEOTARDS; KIMONOS; CLOTHES FOR CLIMBING, HIKING AND HUNTING, NAMELY, WADERS, VESTS, OILSKINS, DUNGAREES, SWEATERS, CARDIGANS, PANTS, JERSEYS, JACKETS, CAPS ];
KIPSTA DECATHLON 4, Boulevard de Mons Villeneuve d'Ascq 59650 France PROVIDING SPORTS TRAINING; ORGANIZING EXHIBITIONS FOR EDUCATIONAL, ENTERTAINMENT AND SPORTING PURPOSE; ARRANGING AND CONDUCTING ATHLETIC COMPETITIONS; CONDUCTING COURSED OF EDUCATION AND INSTRUCTION IN THE FIELD OF SPORTS; TRAINING AND CORRESPONDENCE COURSES IN THE USE OF MANAGEMENT, SALES AND MARKETING; AMUSEMENT PARKS; HEALTH CLUB SERVICES; PHYSICAL EDUCATION; DISCOTHEQUE SERVICES; PROVIDING SPORT FACILITIES FOR SPORT TOURNAMENTS; ORGANIZING EXHIBITIONS FOR SPORTING AND CULTURAL ACTIVITIES; ORGANIZATION OF SPORTS EVENTS; PUBLICATION OF BOOKS AND PERIODICALS FOR OTHERS; LENDING LIBRARIES; ANIMAL TRAINING; PRODUCTION OF LIVE CONCERTS AND TELEVISION SHOWS; PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF MOTION PICTURE FILMS; RENTAL OF FILMS, VIDEO CASSETTES RECORDERS, TELEVISION SETS, VIDEO TAPES, SOUND RECORDINGS, MOVIE PROJECTORS, AND SHOW SCENERY; ORGANIZATION OF EDUCATIONAL OR ENTERTAINMENT COMPETITIONS; ARRANGING AND CONDUCTING OF EDUCATIONAL COLLOQUIUMS; ARRANGING AND CONDUCTING OF EDUCATIONAL CONFERENCES; ARRANGING AND CONDUCTING OF EDUCATIONAL CONGRESSES; ORGANIZATION OF EXHIBITIONS FOR CULTURAL OR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES; CINEMA THEATER SERVICES; MOVIE STUDIOS; PRODUCTION OF RADIO AND TELEVISION PROGRAMS; SOUND RECORDING STUDIO SERVICES;APPARATUS FOR RECORDING, TRANSMISSION OR REPRODUCTION OF SOUND OR IMAGES; DATA PROCESSORS; AMPLIFIERS; HEAD CLEANING TAPES FOR VIDEO AND AUDIO RECORDERS; BLANK VIDEO TAPES; PRE-RECORDED VIDEO TAPES FEATURING SPORTS, STADIUM SPORTS, DRAMATIC WORKS; AUDIO-VIDEO COMPACT DISCS FEATURING SPORTS, STADIUM SPORTS, DRAMATIC WORKS; COMPUTER PERIPHERAL JUKE BOXES; BLANK MAGNETIC DISCS, OPTICAL DISCS, OPTICAL COMPACT DISCS, FLOPPY DISCS, AND MAGNETIC AND OPTICAL DATA CARRIERS; PROJECTION SCREENS; MAGNETIC ENCODERS; COMPUTER PRINTERS; PRINTED CIRCUITS; COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS SERVERS AND INTERFACE BOARDS; VIDEO GAME MACHINES FOR USE WITH TELEVISIONS; LASERS NOT FOR MEDICAL USE; DATA PROCESSING READERS; OPTICAL CHARACTER RECOGNITION APPARATUS; AUDIO AND VIDEO RECEIVERS; COMPUTER MICE; COMPUTER SOUND CARDS; COMPUTER VIDEO CARDS; OPTICAL SCANNERS; PERSONAL PROTECTION DEVICES, NAMELY, GOGGLES, HELMETS, HARNESSES OTHER THAN FOR VEHICLES OR SPORTS PURPOSES; LIFE NETS; TELESCOPIC GUN SIGHTS; TELESCOPES; SCALES; SAFETY EQUIPMENT, NAMELY, BEACON LIGHTS; BAROMETERS; MARKER BUOYS; SIGNALING BUOYS; DIRECTIONAL COMPASSES; FOG SIGNALING BELLS, WHISTLES, AND HORNS; SAFETY OR PROTECTIVE HELMETS; LIFE BELTS; DOG WHISTLES; DIVING SUITS; DIVING GLOVES; DIVING MASKS; PEDOMETERS; SPECTACLES; PROTECTIVE GLASSES; SUN GLASSES; EYEGLASS CASES; FIRE EXTINGUISHERS; BULLETPROOF VESTS; SAFETY RESTRAINTS, OTHER THAN FOR VEHICLES OR SPORTS EQUIPMENT; HYDROMETERS; HYGROMETERS; VIDEO OUTPUT GAME MACHINES FOR USE WITH TELEVISIONS; BINOCULARS; DARKROOM LAMPS; BATTERIES; GAS, WATER, AND ELECTRIC METERS; AIR TANKS AND REGULATORS FOR USE IN UNDERWATER SWIMMING; SATELLITE NAVIGATIONAL SYSTEM, NAMELY, A GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; LIGHTNING ARRESTORS; PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS; LIFE-SAVING RAFTS;LEATHER AND IMITATION LEATHER SOLD IN BULK; ANIMAL SKINS AND HIDES; GOODS MADE OF THESE MATERIALS, NAMELY, HANDBAGS, TRAVELING BAGS; HARNESSES; TRUNKS AND SUITCASES; UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS, AND WALKING STICKS; WHIPS AND SADDLES; PURSES; SCHOOL BAGS; WALLETS; POCKET WALLETS; BRIEFCASES; KEY CASES; SCHOOL SATCHELS; ATTACHE` CASES; PURSES, NOT OF PRECIOUS METALS; BEACH TOTE BAGS; BAGS FOR CLIMBING AND HIKING; ALPENSTOCKS; SADDLE TREES; BRIDLES; HALTERS; BITS; HUNTERS' GAME BAGS; ANIMAL COLLARS; COVERS FOR HORSE SADDLES; INFANT CARRIERS WORN ON THE BODY; PET CLOTHING; ANIMAL LEASHES; WHIPS; BITS FOR ANIMALS; MUZZLES; BACKPACKS; ALL-PURPOSE SPORT BAGS;GAMES AND TOYS, NAMELY KITES AND KITE REELS, SKATEBOARDS, MAGIC TRICKS, BILLIARD BALLS, BILLIARD CUES, PINS AND BALLS FOR USE IN PLAYING SKITTLES, TOY SCOOTERS, BOBSLEIGHS FOR RECREATIONAL USE; PLAY BALLOONS; GYMNASTIC AND SPORT ARTICLES, NAMELY, BOWS FOR ARCHERY, IN LINE SKATES, BOXING GLOVES, BOXING BAGS, BOXING RINGS, HANG GLIDERS, ARCHERY IMPLEMENTS, NAMELY, BOWS, CROSSBOWS AND ARROWS, QUIVERS, STRINGS FOR TENNIS, SQUASH, BADMINTON, RACKETS AND RACKETBALL RACKETS, GUT FOR TENNIS, SQUASH, BADMINTON AND RACKETBALL RACKETS, TENNIS RACKETS, TENNIS RACKET FRAMES, BADMINTON RACKETS, TABLE TENNIS PADDLES, SPORTS BALLS, NAMELY, BASEBALLS, TENNIS BALLS, GOLF BALLS, FISHING TACKLES, SAILBOARDS, SURFBOARDS BODY BOARDS, SNORKELS, BALLOONS, NETS FOR TENNIS, FOOTBALL, VOLLEYBALL, BASKETBALL, BADMINTON, HANDBALL, ICE HOCKEY, GOLF CLUBS, SKIS, SKI BINDINGS, WATERSKIS, SKI PARTS, NAMELY, REPLACEMENT EDGES; FISHING REELS, FISHING TACKLE, NAMELY, BITE INDICATORS, FISH HOOKS, ARTIFICIAL BAIT; BARBELLS, DUMBBELLS, SPEARFISHING HARPOON GUNS, WEAPONS FOR JAPENESE SPORTS, NAMELY, FENCING SWORDS AND NUNCHAKU, FLIPPERS FOR SWIMMING, EXERCISE TRAMPOLINES, STATIONARY EXERCISE BICYCLES, MANUALLY OPERATED EXERCISE EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN WEIGHT REDUCTION, GYMNASTIC APPARATUS, EXERCISE TREADMILLS, ABDOMINAL EXERCISE BOARDS, TABLES FOR TABLE TENNIS; PLAY SWIMMING POOLS; PLAYGROUND EQUIPMENT, NAMELY, SLIDES; PLAYGROUND EQUIPMENT, NAMELY, SWINGS; THEATRICAL MASKS; SLEIGHS FOR RECREATIONAL USE; ORNAMENTS FOR CHRISTMAS TREES, EXCEPT ILLUMINATION ARTICLES AND CONFECTIONERY; TRACK AND FIELD EQUIPMENT, NAMELY, HURDLES, STARTING BLOCKS AND STARTER'S PISTOLS; ATHLETIC EQUIPMENT, NAMELY, SPRINGBOARDS; RELAY BATONS; POLES FOR POLE VAULTING; JAVELINS AND DISCUSES; SHOTS FOR SHOT PUTTING; POSTS AND BARS FOR POLE VAULTS AND HIGH JUMPING; TOOTH PROTECTORS FOR ATHLETIC PURPOSES; BINDING STRAPS FOR ICE SKATES AND ROLLER SKATES; AND ARCADE VIDEO GAMES;RADIO AND TELEVISION BROADCASTING; TELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICES, NAMELY, PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS, AND ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION OF VOICE, IMAGES, AND DATA; ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION OF DATA AND DOCUMENTS VIA COMPUTER TERMINALS; TELEGRAM COMMUNICATION SERVICES; TELEPHONE COMMUNICATION SERVICES;CLOTHING FOR MEN, WOMEN, AND CHILDREN, NAMELY, HOSIERY, UNDERCLOTHING, UNDERWEAR, DRESSING GOWNS, BATH ROBES, BATHING SUITS, BATHING CAPS, BATH SLIPPERS, PAJAMAS, SWEATERS, SKIRTS, DRESSES, TROUSERS, DUNGAREES, JACKETS, COATS, PULLOVERS, WAISTCOATS, PARKAS, SHIRTS, LAYETTES, TIES, SCARVES, BELTS, GLOVES; WATERPROOF CLOTHING, NAMELY, VESTS, TROUSERS, COATS MADE OF WATERPROOF MATERIAL AND RAINCOATS; ANORAKS; SKI SUITS AND SKI WEAR; WET SUITS FOR WATER-SKIING; HATS; CAPS; SOCKS; STOCKINGS; TIGHTS; FOOTWEAR; SLIPPERS; BOOTS; BOOTS FOR SPORT; BEACH SHOES; SKI BOOTS; CLOTHES FOR SPORTS AND AEROBICS, NAMELY, SHORTS, TEE-SHIRTS, LEGGINGS, SPORT LEGGINGS, LEOTARDS, JERSEYS; KIMONOS;
SPORTSINSTRUCTOR.COM Gruff, Andrew, Scott 19217 Sylvan Street Reseda CA 91335 Providing sports training, instruction and information via a global computer information network;
UNITED TAEKWONDO LEAGUE Family Taekwondo Acadamy 12611 Solsberry Way Rancho Cordova CA 95742 Providing sports training in the field of Taekwondo and organization of Taekwondo tournaments;TAEKWONDO LEAGUE;
 

Where the owner name is not linked, that owner no longer owns the brand

   
Technical Examples
  1. A sports training apparatus having a substantially resilient elongated arm support coupled to straps adapted to surround an athlete's shoulders to hold the arm support securely against the athlete's chest and under the athlete's arms to facilitate the proper training position for a variety of sports activities. Methods of using the training apparatus are also disclosed.