MONSANTO CHEMICAL COMPANY

 MONSANTO CHEMICAL COMPANY contact information is shown below
Owner:MONSANTO CHEMICAL COMPANY
Owner Address:ST. LOUIS, MO.
Owner Web Site
Owner Phone
Owner Toll Free
Owner Fax

 

Brands Owned byMONSANTO CHEMICAL COMPANY

Brand:

ACRITURF

Description:

NON-WOVEN FABRIC FOR USE AS A COVERING AND FOR DECORATIVE PURPOSES;

Category: NON WOVEN FABRIC FOR USE AS
Brand:

ALKOPHOS

Description:

ALUMINUM SALTS IN LIQUID AND SOLID FORM;

Category: ALUMINUM SALTS IN LIQUID
Brand:

ALL

Description:

DETERGENTS FOR USE IN AUTOMATIC WASHING MACHINES AND FOR GENERAL WASHING AND CLEANING PURPOSES;

Category: DETERGENTS FOR USE IN AUTOMATIC
Brand:

ALOHA

Description:

MAINTENANCE AND LIGHT REPAIR SERVICES RENDERED TO AUTOMOBILES, TRUCKS AND OTHER AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLES;

Category: MAINTENANCE LIGHT REPAIR SERVICES
Brand:

AQUAMASK

Description:

FLAVOR AND ODOR MASKING AGENT FOR USE IN DRINKING WATER;

Category: FLAVOR ODOR MASKING AGENT
Brand:

BANTEX

Description:

VULCANIZATION ACCELERATOR FOR NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC RUBBERS;

Category: VULCANIZATION ACCELERATOR FOR NATURAL
Brand:

BENTHAL

Description:

CHEMICALS FOR USE IN MAKING SYNTHETIC RESINS AND PLASTICS;

Category: CHEMICALS FOR USE IN MAKING
Brand:

BITHERMINOL

Description:

HEAT TRANSFER FLUIDS;

Category: HEAT TRANSFER FLUIDS
Brand:

BUTASAN

Description:

COMPOUNDS USED AS VULCANIZATION ACCELERATORS IN THE CURING OF RUBBER ARTICLES;

Category: COMPOUNDS USED AS VULCANIZATION ACCELERATORS
Brand:

C CUMULOFT NYLON

Description:

NO CLAIM IS MADE TO THE WORD NYLON APART FROM THE MARK AS SHOWN.;SYNTHETIC YARNS AND THREADS;

Category: NO CLAIM MADE
Brand:

C CUMULOFT NYLON

Description:

NO CLAIM IS MADE TO THE WORD NYLON APART FROM THE MARK AS SHOWN.;SYNTHETIC FILAMENTS AND FIBERS;

Category: NO CLAIM MADE
Brand:

C NYLON

Description:

NO CLAIM IS MADE TO THE WORD NYLON APART FROM THE MARK AS SHOWN.;FIBER AND FILAMENTS;THREAD AND YARN COMPRISED IN WHOLE OR IN SUBSTANTIAL PART OF NYLON;

Category: NO CLAIM MADE
Brand:

C SPANDEX CHEMSTRAND

Description:

NO CLAIM IS MADE TO THE WORD SPANDEX APART FROM THE MARK AS SHOWN.;FIBER AND FILAMENTS COMPRISED IN WHOLE OR IN SUBSTANTIAL PART OF SPANDEX;THREAD AND YARN COMPRISED IN WHOLE OR IN SUBSTANTIAL PART OF SPANDEX;

Category: NO CLAIM MADE
Brand:

CEREX

Description:

SYNTHETIC RESIN COMPOSITIONS IN THE FORM OF PARTICULATE SOLIDS SUITABLE FOR MOLDING;

Category: SYNTHETIC RESIN COMPOSITIONS IN
Brand:

CEREX

Description:

THREAD AND YARNS MADE OF VARIOUS SYNTHETIC RESINS;

Category: THREAD YARNS MADE
Brand:

CHEMPRESS

Description:

CREASE RETENTIVE FABRIC FOR USE IN GARMENTS SUCH AS SKIRTS, TROUSERS, AND THE LIKE;

Category: CREASE RETENTIVE FABRIC FOR USE
Brand:

CORINOX

Description:

SYNTHETIC RESIN COMPOSITIONS IN THE FORM OF UNFINISHED CASTINGS AND MOLDINGS, AND IN THE FORM OF SHEETS, RODS, AND TUBES; AND PARTICULATE SOLIDS SUITABLE FOR MOLDING;

Category: SYNTHETIC RESIN COMPOSITIONS IN
Brand:

CUMULOFT

Description:

FIBERS SOLD IN TEXTILE RUGS AND CARPETS;

Category: FIBERS SOLD IN TEXTILE RUGS
Brand:

D-LEET

Description:

CHEMICAL TOXICANTS FOR USE IN MAKING OR FORMULATING AGRICULTURAL INSECTICIDES, FUNGICIDES AND HERBICIDES;DELETE;

Category: CHEMICAL TOXICANTS FOR USE IN
Brand:

DUOMERSE

Description:

SYNTHETIC DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS FOR GENERAL CLEANING PURPOSES;

Category: SYNTHETIC DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS FOR GENERAL
Brand:

DYTRON

Description:

SOLVENT FOR GENERAL USE IN THE INDUSTRIAL ARTS, INCLUDING USE IN INSECTICIDES, PAINTS, PAINT AND VARNISH REMOVERS, AND DYE LIQUORS;

Category: SOLVENT FOR GENERAL USE IN
Brand:

FIBOND

Description:

ELECTRIAL APPARATUS FOR SPLICING YARN;

Category: ELECTRIAL APPARATUS FOR SPLICING YARN
Brand:

HAND-E-ROLL

Description:

HANDY-ROLL;POLYETHYLENE SHEET MATERIAL;

Category: HANDY ROLL
Brand:

INFO-TEL

Description:

ELECTRICAL DEVICE FOR TRANSMITTING AND RECEIVING MEASUREMENTS OF TEMPERATURE, PRESSURE, STRESS, AND THE LIKE;

Category: ELECTRICAL DEVICE FOR TRANSMITTING
Brand:

KRILIUM

Description:

COMPOSITIONS WHETHER IN THE FORM OF DRY POWDERS, SOLUTIONS, EMULSIONS, OR DISPERSIONS FOR APPLICATION TO SOIL TO IMPART EROSION RESISTANCE THERETO, AND SOLD PRIMARILY TO THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY;

Category: COMPOSITIONS WHETHER IN FORM
Brand:

LION

Description:

MOTOR FUEL OILS, LUBRICATING OILS AND GREASES;THE DRAWING IS LINED FOR RED.;

Category: MOTOR FUEL OILS
Brand:

LOU-VA-TONE

Description:

SYNTHETIC RESINS;

Category: SYNTHETIC RESINS
Brand:

LUSTRAND

Description:

LUSTERAND;SYNTHETIC RESINS IN SOLID FORM FOR USE IN SOLID OR SOLUTION FORM IN MOLDING, CASTING, AND EXTRUDING A WIDE VARIETY OF ARTICLES OF MANUFACTURE RANGING FROM FLEXIBLE TO RIGID AND INCLUDING INDUSTRIAL AND HOUSEHOLD GOODS SUCH AS IMPLEMENT PARTS, STRUCTURAL PARTS, CONTAINERS, COSTUME JEWELRY, UTENSILS, TOOLS, TABLEWARE, KITCHEN ACCESSORIES, BATHROOM ACCESSORIES, TOILET GOODS, TOYS, BELTS, WRISTWATCH BANDS, NOTIONS, ACCESSORIES FOR WEARING APPAREL, STRUCTURAL, DECORATIVE AND UTILITY ARCHITECTURAL PARTS AND PANELS, SHOE TRIMMINGS, SMOKING ACCESSORIES, CLOTHING ACCESSORIES, FISHING LINES, LUGGAGE, WALLETS, BRUSHES, FURNITURE, UMBRELLA ACCESSORIES, DENTAL PLATES, ELECTRICAL INSULATORS, AND MATRICES FOR ABRASIVE PARTICLES;

Category: LUSTERAND
Brand:

LUSTRAND

Description:

THREAD AND YARNS MADE OF VARIOUS SYNTHETIC RESINS;

Category: THREAD YARNS MADE
Brand:

LUSTREX

Description:

LUSTEREX;SYNTHETIC RESINS OF A POLYSTYRENE BASE IN SOLID FORM FOR USE IN MOLDING, CASTING OR EXTRUDING A WIDE VARIETY OF RIGID ARTICLES OF MANUFACTURE INCLUDING INDUSTRIAL AND HOUSEHOLD GOODS SUCH AS IMPLEMENT PARTS, STRUCTURAL PARTS, CONTAINERS, COSTUME JEWELRY, UTENSILS, TOOLS, TABLEWARE, KITCHEN ACCESSORIES, BATHROOM ACCESSORIES, TOYS, NOTIONS, STRUCTURAL, DECORATIVE AND UTILITY ARCHITECTURAL PARTS AND PANELS, AND FURNITURE;

Category: LUSTEREX
Brand:

LUTREX

Description:

SYNTHETIC RESINS IN THE FORM OF POWDERS, GRANULES, EMULSIONS, SOLUTIONS AND OTHER FORMS FOR USE IN THE INDUSTRIAL ARTS AND FURTHER MANUFACTURE;

Category: SYNTHETIC RESINS IN FORM
Brand:

LYTRON

Description:

SYNTHETIC ORGANIC POLYELECTROLYTES;

Category: SYNTHETIC ORGANIC POLYELECTROLYTES
Brand:

M MONSANTO

Description:

WOOD FLOUR, SOYA BEAN FLOUR AND SILICA SOLS;

Category: WOOD FLOUR
Brand:

MERLON

Description:

SYNTHETIC RESINS IN SOLUTION OR DISPERSION FORM;

Category: SYNTHETIC RESINS IN SOLUTION OR
Brand:

MERLON

Description:

SYNTHETIC RESINS IN SOLUTION FORM FOR USE IN TREATING TEXTILES TO IMPROVE OR MODIFY THE CHARACTERISTICS THEREOF, INCLUDING IMPROVING THE RESISTANCE TO WEAR;

Category: SYNTHETIC RESINS IN SOLUTION FORM
Brand:

MERTONE

Description:

SURFACE FINISHING AGENT FOR PAPER;

Category: SURFACE FINISHING AGENT FOR PAPER
Brand:

MICRO-MATCH COLORS

Description:

THE WORD COLORS IS DISCLAIMED WHEN USED APART FROM THE MARK AS SHOWN.;DESIGNATING AND PRODUCING WITHIN INDUSTRIAL TOLERANCES COLORS FOR MATERIALS FOR USE IN THE PLASTICS INDUSTRY, SUCH COLORS BEING MADE TO THE ORDER OF CUSTOMERS;

Category: WORD COLORS DISCLAIMED
Brand:

MONOMEL

Description:

SYNTHETIC RESINS IN SOLID FORM USED FOR A WIDE VARIETY OF USES IN THE PREPARATION OF OTHER PRODUCTS;

Category: SYNTHETIC RESINS IN SOLID FORM
Brand:

MONSANTO

Description:

ADHESIVE CEMENTS;

Category: ADHESIVE CEMENTS
Brand:

MONSANTO

Description:

COMPOSITIONS WHETHER IN THE FORM OF DRY POWDERS, SOLUTIONS, EMULSIONS, OR DISPERSIONS FOR APPLICATION TO SOIL TO IMPART EROSION RESISTANCE THERETO, AND SOLD PRIMARILY TO THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY;

Category: COMPOSITIONS WHETHER IN FORM
Brand:

MONSANTO

Description:

GOLF BALLS AND GOLF TEES;

Category: GOLF BALLS GOLF TEES
Brand:

MONSANTO

Description:

BLASTING AGENTS;

Category: BLASTING AGENTS
Brand:

MONSANTO

Description:

METAL IN POWDERED FORM;

Category: METAL IN POWDERED FORM
Brand:

MONSANTO M

Description:

DETERGENTS FOR HOUSEHOLD, RESTAURANT, AND LAUNDRY USE; FOR CLEANING INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURES AND EQUIPMENT; AND FOR USE IN SUCH INDUSTRIES AS THE TEXTILE, METAL CLEANING, DAIRY, AND LEATHER INDUSTRIES;

Category: DETERGENTS FOR HOUSEHOLD
Brand:

MONSANTO M

Description:

ADHESIVE CEMENTS;

Category: ADHESIVE CEMENTS
Brand:

MONSANTO M

Description:

COMPOSITIONS WHETHER IN THE FORM OF DRY POWDERS, SOLUTIONS, EMULSIONS, OR DISPERSIONS FOR APPLICATION TO SOIL TO IMPART EROSION RESISTANCE THERETO, AND SOLD PRIMARILY TO THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY;

Category: COMPOSITIONS WHETHER IN FORM
Brand:

MONSANTO M

Description:

BLASTING AGENTS;

Category: BLASTING AGENTS
Brand:

MONSANTO M

Description:

METAL IN POWDERED FORM;

Category: METAL IN POWDERED FORM
Brand:

MONSANTO ULTRON VINYL FILM

Description:

THE WORDS VINYL FILM BEING DISCLAIMED APART FROM THE MARK.;VINYL RESIN MATERIALS IN THE FORM OF FILMS AND SHEETS, IN;

Category: VINYL FILM BEING
Brand:

MONTAC

Description:

RESINOUS CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS FOR USE AS ADHESIVES AND IN THE FORMULATION THEREOF;MONTACK;

Category: RESINOUS CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS FOR USE
Brand:

MONTAR

Description:

NORMALLY SOLID, CRUDE SYNTHETIC RESINS;

Category: NORMALLY SOLID
Brand:

NIFOS

Description:

CHEMICAL PRODUCTS FOR USE AS INSECTICIDES, FUNGICIDES, HERBICIDES, AND RODENTICIDES;

Category: CHEMICAL PRODUCTS FOR USE AS
Brand:

NIRAN

Description:

CHEMICAL TOXICANTS FOR USE AS AGRICULTURAL INSECTICIDES, FUNGICIDES, AND HERBICIDES;

Category: CHEMICAL TOXICANTS FOR USE AS
Brand:

NOSHOCK

Description:

CHEMICAL GROUNDING AGENTS FOR TREATING RUGS, TEXTILES, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS;

Category: CHEMICAL GROUNDING AGENTS FOR TREATING
Brand:

OPALON

Description:

SYNTHETIC RESINS AND SYNTHETIC RESINOUS COMPOSITIONS WHETHER IN THE FORM OF POWDERS, GRANULES, EMULSIONS, DISPERSIONS OR SOLUTIONS;

Category: SYNTHETIC RESINS SYNTHETIC RESINOUS
Brand:

OS-45

Description:

LIQUID FUNCTIONAL FLUID SOLD FOR USE AS A FORCE OR POWER TRANSMISSION FLUID, HEAT EXCHANGE MEDIUM, DIELECTRIC MEDIUM, OR LUBRICANT;OS 45;

Category: LIQUID FUNCTIONAL FLUID SOLD FOR
Brand:

PETROFOS

Description:

INORGANIC PHOSPHATES FOR GENERAL USE IN THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY, INCLUDING THE TREATMENT OF PETROLEUM OILS;

Category: INORGANIC PHOSPHATES FOR GENERAL USE
Brand:

PYDRATEK

Description:

PROTECTIVE COATING PRESERVATIVES FOR MOTORS, MACHINERY, METALS AND THE LIKE WITH INCIDENTAL LUBRICATING PROPERTIES;

Category: PROTECTIVE COATING PRESERVATIVES FOR MOTORS
Brand:

PYDRAUL

Description:

FUNCTIONAL CHEMICAL FLUIDS-NAMELY, HYDRAULIC FLUIDS FOR USE IN HYDRAULIC POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS AND HAVING GENERAL USE IN THE INDUSTRIAL ARTS;

Category: FUNCTIONAL CHEMICAL FLUIDS NAMELY
Brand:

PYDRAULIC

Description:

FUNCTIONAL CHEMICAL FLUIDS-NAMELY, HYDRAULIC FLUIDS FOR USE IN HYDRAULIC POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS AND HAVING GENERAL USE IN THE INDUSTRIAL ARTS;HYDRAULIC;

Category: FUNCTIONAL CHEMICAL FLUIDS NAMELY
Brand:

RANDOX

Description:

CHEMICAL TOXICANTS FOR USE IN MAKING OR FORMULATING AGRICULTURAL INSECTICIDES, FUNGICIDES, AND HERBICIDES;

Category: CHEMICAL TOXICANTS FOR USE IN
Brand:

RESION

Description:

RESIN;COMPLEX SYNTHETIC RESINS IN THE FORM OF PARTICULATE SOLIDS FOR GENERAL USE IN THE INDUSTRIAL ARTS IN THE REMOVAL OF NEGATIVE IONS FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS AND ORGANIC SOLVENT SOLUTIONS FOR BASE EXCHANGE ACTION, SUCH AS THE REMOVAL OF ALKALINE-EARTH METAL CATIONS IN THE PURIFICATION OF WATER AND OF SUGAR SYRUPS;

Category: RESIN
Brand:

RESLOOM

Description:

SYNTHETIC RESINS IN SOLUTION FORM;

Category: SYNTHETIC RESINS IN SOLUTION FORM
Brand:

RESLOOM

Description:

SYNTHETIC RESINS IN SOLUTION FORM FOR USE IN TREATING TEXTILES TO IMPROVE OR MODIFY THE CHARACTERISTICS THEREOF, INCLUDING IMPROVING THE APPEARANCE AND FEEL AND INCREASING THE RESISTANCE TO DETERIORATION, WEAR AND SHRINKAGE;

Category: SYNTHETIC RESINS IN SOLUTION FORM
Brand:

REZGARD

Description:

FIRE-REPELLENT COMPOSITION CONTAINING PHOSPHATES FOR TEXTILES AND OTHER FIBROUS PRODUCTS;REZGUARD;

Category: FIRE REPELLENT COMPOSITION CONTAINING PHOSPHATES FOR
Brand:

SANTALOON

Description:

SURFACE ACTIVE COMPOUNDS FOR GENERAL USE IN THE INDUSTRIAL ARTS-NAMELY, AS WETTING, SPREADING, EMULSIFYING, DISPERSING, AND PENETRATING AGENTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TEXTILES;

Category: SURFACE ACTIVE COMPOUNDS FOR GENERAL
Brand:

SANTOBOND

Description:

ADHESIVE CEMENTS;

Category: ADHESIVE CEMENTS
Brand:

SANTODEX

Description:

CHEMICAL ADJUVANTS FOR PETROLEUM PRODUCTS;

Category: CHEMICAL ADJUVANTS FOR PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
Brand:

SANTOMON

Description:

SURFACE ACTIVE COMPOUNDS FOR GENERAL USE IN THE INDUSTRIAL ARTS-NAMELY, AS WETTING, SPREADING, EMULSIFYING, DISPERSING, AND PENETRATING AGENTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TEXTILES;

Category: SURFACE ACTIVE COMPOUNDS FOR GENERAL
Brand:

SANTOPAK

Description:

FOAMED RESIN FOR FURTHER PROCESSING IN INDUSTRIAL ARTS;

Category: FOAMED RESIN FOR FURTHER PROCESSING
Brand:

SANTOSCREEN

Description:

COMPOUNDS FOR USE AS ULTRAVIOLET STABILIZERS FOR FURTHER USE IN THE INDUSTRIAL ARTS;

Category: COMPOUNDS FOR USE AS ULTRAVIOLET
Brand:

SANTOSET

Description:

PLASTICIZERS FOR USE IN THE MODIFICATION OF THE PROPERTIES OF SYNTHETIC RESINOUS COMPOSITIONS;

Category: PLASTICIZERS FOR USE IN
Brand:

SANTOSHEEN

Description:

FOAMED RESIN FOR FURTHER PROCESSING IN INDUSTRIAL ARTS;

Category: FOAMED RESIN FOR FURTHER PROCESSING
Brand:

SANTOSIZE

Description:

ROSIN SIZE FOR USE IN THE SIZING OF PAPER;

Category: ROSIN SIZE FOR USE IN
Brand:

SCRIPTITE

Description:

SYNTHETIC RESINS FOR USE AS PIGMENT BINDING AGENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF COATING COMPOSITIONS FOR TEXTILES PAPER, AND COMPOSITION SHEET MATERIAL;

Category: SYNTHETIC RESINS FOR USE AS
Brand:

SHADOWLITE

Description:

SYNTHETIC RESIN FILMS AND SHEETS SUITABLE FOR USE AS SAFETY GLASS INTERLINER;

Category: SYNTHETIC RESIN FILMS SHEETS
Brand:

SKYDRO

Description:

FUNCTIONAL CHEMICAL FLUIDS-NAMELY, HYDRAULIC FLUIDS FOR USE IN HYDRAULIC POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS AND HAVING GENERAL USE IN THE INDUSTRIAL ARTS;

Category: FUNCTIONAL CHEMICAL FLUIDS NAMELY
Brand:

SKYTROL

Description:

FUNCTIONAL CHEMICAL FLUIDS-NAMELY, HYDRAULIC FLUIDS FOR USE IN HYDRAULIC POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS AND HAVING GENERAL USE IN THE INDUSTRIAL ARTS;

Category: FUNCTIONAL CHEMICAL FLUIDS NAMELY
Brand:

STYBER

Description:

THREAD AND YARNS MADE OF VARIOUS SYNTHETIC RESINS;

Category: THREAD YARNS MADE
Brand:

SUPLIFOS

Description:

MINERAL FEED SUPPLEMENTS;

Category: MINERAL FEED SUPPLEMENTS
Brand:

SYTON

Description:

COLLOIDAL OR TRUE SOLUTIONS OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES FOR USE IN TREATING TEXTILES TO IMPROVE OR MODIFY THE CHARACTERISTICS THEREOF, INCLUDING IMPROVING TENSILE STRENGTH OF FIBERS AND RESISTANCE OF FIBERS TO SLIPPAGE;

Category: COLLOIDAL OR TRUE SOLUTIONS
Brand:

TORA

Description:

ORGANIC CARBOXYLIC ACIDS;

Category: ORGANIC CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
Brand:

TRENDS

Description:

NEWS BULLETIN FOR INTERNAL MANAGEMENT USE BY APPLICANT;

Category: NEWS BULLETIN FOR INTERNAL MANAGEMENT
Brand:

TRUST THE BIG RED "A"

Description:

KNITTED, NETTED AND TEXTILE FABRICS COMPRISED AT LEAST IN PART OF ACRYLIC FIBER AND FOR MAKING INTO APPAREL, BLANKETS, CARPETS, AND OTHER HOME FURNISHINGS, AND THE LIKE;

Category: KNITTED
Brand:

TWISLOC

Description:

YARNS AND THREADS MADE IN WHOLE OR IN SUBSTANTIAL PART OF TANGLED AND ENTRAPPED FILAMENTS AND FIBERS;

Category: YARNS THREADS MADE IN
Brand:

ULTRON

Description:

SYNTHETIC RESIN MATERIALS IN THE FORM OF SHEETS, FILMS, TUBES, AND RODS FOR USE IN THE INDUSTRIAL ARTS AND FURTHER MANUFACTURE;

Category: SYNTHETIC RESIN MATERIALS IN
Brand:

ULTRON

Description:

FILMS AND SHEETS DERIVED FROM PLASTIC COMPOSITIONS WHETHER OF NATURAL OR SYNTHETIC ORIGIN;

Category: FILMS SHEETS DERIVED FROM
Brand:

VUECOTE

Description:

VIEWCOAT;SYNTHETIC RESINS FOR GENERAL USE IN THE INDUSTRIAL ARTS-NAMELY, THE COATING OF PAPER, TEXTILES, WOOD, AND METAL TO IMPART HIGH GLOSS, WATERPROOFNESS, AND RESISTANCE TO SCRUFING OR ABRASION;

Category: VIEWCOAT
Brand:

VYRAM

Description:

SYNTHETIC RESINS;

Category: SYNTHETIC RESINS
Brand:

VYSET

Description:

THERMOSETTING RESINS FOR FURTHER USE IN THE INDUSTRIAL ARTS;

Category: THERMOSETTING RESINS FOR FURTHER USE